Assignment 2 - Purpose of research

Research for my idea
For this section of my work, the idea that I have come up with to use for my interview is ‘young relationships’. I chose this as my topic because it is a very common issue in this century. Now days there is not an age limitation with relationships, this has been a very important issue that concerns everyone from young teenagers to parents. Being in a young relationship can have a range of advantages and disadvantages, this varies between from people you ask and what they think of young relationships. For my subject I would need to conduct a range of primary and secondary research, as it is a broad subject I wold need to gather enough information to help me when asking questions to my interviewees. The secondary research that I can use for my subject is focusing on social media sites and find out how people act about this issue for example having a relationship status on Facebook; how is this beneficial, what is the reason for you to have a relationship status? etc.  In addition to this looking at secondary research I can focus on young celebrities and how they can influence young people to be in a relationship; what kind of relationships are they in? how does it effect their lives etc. By gathering all this secondary research can give me a rough idea on what I would want to say in my interview as well as how I would want to create the questions to ask according to the research I have gathered. For my research I will also be doing some primary research to include in my interview this is so I have some hard facts that has come straight from the people I have asked about the subject.
Some of the research methods I would need to conduct for mu idea is to understand what my target audience is most interested in, this is a very effective way to engage your audience as your grabbing there attention by focusing on what they like and enjoy. Another main method is to make sure the questions that are asked to the interviewee are questions that they can give a full and clear answer to, this is so I gain as much as information as I can from the interviewee on their opinion.

Here is an example of a interview that is a primary source research, the interview is with Katy Perry and her boyfriend John Mayer being interviewed about there relationship. By having this interview with the couple it provides first hand information on the couples relationship status which is for her fans and the viewers of the show. Throughout the interview, the interviewer asks questions about their  relationship, this provides an insight about them being together to the audience. By having access to primary resources coming from the main person the information is reliable and believable to there audience. Viewing an interview with a couple is very helpful for me as it gives me a rough idea on what type of questions I need to create for my interviews.


Here is a radio interview with Ryan Seacrest interviewing Selena Gomez about her and Justin Bieber in a relationship, the questions asked are very open questions, this allows Selena Gomez to talk about her relationship with Bieber. Looking at this interview it can help me with my subject as it is about young celebrities being in a relationship and what the difficulties are.

Assignment 2 - Pre Production

The target audience I am focusing on is 16-18, as the subject I am looking at is 'young relationships' it is a very broad topic which means I need to focus and look at different sub groups in this particular age range, as it is a younger audience, everyone would have a different opinion on how they would feel about this subject. The sub groups would vary between different types of teenagers such as hipsters and trendies etc. teenagers

As I will be recording the interviews outside of college as I want a range of opinions from different people from different colleges, I will be using my own equipment for example Iphone 5 allows you to record audio very clearly, this would be very useful for me as I would not have to carry all the equipment with me, in addition to this it would be easier to record the interview with the phone as people would not feel pressured or stressed when giving there opinion.
       From the secondary research I have found for this assignment, I will be using a range of skills i have learned and gathered in order to create a well presented and organised interview an example of this is providing the right questions to the interviewee about the topic (e.g. open,closed, multiple), make sure I am well prepared for the interview and know what questions I want to ask, make sure I stay on track with the plan of the interview and the questions I created etc.

Here is the circle diagram I made in order to help me result to a final idea, from the diagram you can see how I grouped the diagram to make it easier to come up with different subject ideas and who my target audience might be.

As my subject is aimed at a younger audience, I am going to apply this topic to teenagers, young adults, students etc. asking any teen about this subject would allow me to have knowledge and insight on what all teenagers think about this subject rather than aiming it at a specific set of people and audience. I will be asking a range of short open and closed questions, this allows me to hear what they have to say about the subject by justifying themselves and there answer on young relationships. 

When doing research on how to conduct a good interview, I watched a range of different interviews which provides information on what makes a enjoyable and fun interview to watch. From the different interviews, I learned a range of right and wrong things to do when crating a interview, from this information I have more  knowledge on how i need to create my interview in order for it to be watched and enjoyed by my audience.  As I would be asking a younger audience questions about the subject, using a light hearted style with the audience it would allow them to feel comfortable as I will be talking to them in a more relaxed and calm tone so there is no pressure as well as set a comfortable atmosphere for the interviewee so they can give me an honest answer on how they feel about the subject. 

when trying to interview I can have a few disruptions for example as my audience are mainly students they could be busy with homework, revision, exams etc. this can be a set back with the interview schedule, however what they are doing would always come before the interview which means i would have to adjust and suit my schedule to some of the interviewees.

Interview with Russell Brand

                                        

The interview between Russell brand and Paxman is a political and informational interview. 
The whole purpose of the interview between Russell Brand and Paxmam is to gain information as well as listen to his opinion about him featuring in a political article talking about todays government.
Starting with an open question, Paxman is allowing Russell Brand to explain himself about the political magazine. By doing this Paxman is hearing out Russell Brands opinion about politics and his political ideas for change. From the interview between Russell brand and Paxmam, you can see that it is a very light hearted interview as Russell Brand himself is not a politician and is talking about politics from his point of view. This helps promote Russell Brand and his article in a political magazine about his views on the government today. From Paxman's view on the points Russell Brand is stating, Paxman believes what he is saying is a 'revolution'. By listening to the pod cats of 'the art of the interview' it has allowed me to conduct different techniques in an interview, from this interview Paxman uses the rule of three, asking a direct question to Russell Brand continuously until Brand gets frustrated and answers the question, this is a very good way to make the interviewee feel pressured into answering the question in this style of interviewing. When interviewing Russell Brand, Paxman uses open questions to let him explain himself and his opinuion about politics, this allows Russell to explain himself in more depth. This interview was informational to an audiance about politics, but not all interviews are ment to be for political reasons and are intended to be hard news, but also for entertainment, asking a celebrity about there views on certain events or gossip happening. For example the Ellen show involving different famous people and talking about their personal life, who they are dating and information about thier recent work.

Definitions

Question Types

Open questions – A question that cannot be answered with a yes or no but answered with a developed answer.
Example: Why is Chanel 4 your favourite channel?

 Closed questions –Is a set of answers from with the respondent must choose from. The choices given are either multiple-choice questions or yes and no answers.
Example: Do you watch the news?

Suggestive questions – A question that implies a specific answer, however it persuades the questioner to answer the question in a certain way regardless their views.
Example: Didn't you think this was wrong?

Direct questions – A question get straight to the point.
Example: Where do you live?

Single questions – A single answer question that is given to the interviewee to be answered.

Multiple questions – When you have more than one question combined together when questioning the interviewee which consists of more than one answer.
Example: Which of the following represents your personality?

Interview Styling

Hard news – News that deals with formal or serious topics and event, this is usually news that makes headlines, some of the topics for hard news is usually business, politics and international related news.
Example: Jeremy Paxmam interviews

Combative – Argumentative style interview, which consists of two diverse opinions.

Light hearted – A light-hearted interview is when it is done in a very relaxed and casual manner.

Entertainment – When questions are asked for entertainment purposes to the interviewee, this makes the interview fun and easy to watch.

Investigative - An interview that is created to discover any facts and deep information from a current event.

Promotional – An interview that is created to promote someone or something e.g. promoting an album or a film.

Structuring

Confidence building – When the interviewer uses techniques in order to develop and to build the interviewees confidence throughout the interview, this allows the interview to feel very relaxed and comfortable whilst being interviewed.

Key questions – When a question is asked to the interviewee to gain specific knowledge.

Sound bites – A small clip, which summarises the context and main point of an issue or event.

Communication skills

Building rapport – This skill is used by the interviewer, which helps them to gain the interviewees trust.

Interview Table

Examples of program /source and media outlet	TV	Radio	Print/News	Print/Magazine	Online/Music	Online/Blog
	The Graham Norton Show Fridays 10:30pm	LBC radio Ask Boris Tuesdays 9am-10am	The Independent	OK Magazine	Q magazine	FlipSide PA
Journalistic Context	TV entertainment: Comedy chat show, Celebrity guests	Radio Show, answers calls from the public each week	World news, political, hard news	Entertainment, comedy, informational	Music,  Online,	Blog by Ashley May creator of FlipSide PA
Audience Range	After watershed, 20- 40	20-50 Working people who are up early in the morning	Older audience range 25-50 Working people, interested in politics	16-30 Girly People interested into celebrity lives, People into fashion	16-30 Hard rock People in	16-40 People interested in celebrity lives
Question Type	Open, Multiple	Open, multiple, single, direct	Open, multiple	Open, multiple	Open, multiple	Open, direct, multiple
Interview Styling	Entertainment, informational	Informational	Informational, political Entertainment	Entertainment, informational	Entertainment, informational, promotional	Informational
Interview Purpose	Promotional	Informational	Political Informational	Entertainment, informational, promotional	Informational	Informational Entertainment
Example of interview subject	Taylor Swift, Cameron Diaz	Boris Johnson, Nick Clegg	Ed Miliband	Cheryl Cole	George Ezra	Jonathan Groff

Task 2 - Top expert interview tips

Paxmam: news night

From this interview you can see how Paxmam uses open questions in all his interviews, this allows him to gain an insight of his interviewee's and allows them to share their story, by having an open question it shows his interviewee he is listening by giving his full attention whilst they are talking.  Further in this interviews Paxmam starts to use very clear and direct questions, this shows how Paxman is in control of the interview. However he doesn't always use the same techniques for all interviews, with a more political interview he provides very hard and direct questions.

Jenni Murray: Women's Hour

From this clip Murray talks about her success about interviewing different people as well as how to conduct a well structured plan for an interview. From listening to this clip, it gives a enough information on what you need for a well conducted interview, in the clip Murray talks about how she does her research and plan before she does her interview, this allows her to prepared during the interviews, this also allows Murray to know what questions she wants to ask her interviewees. With this Murray also mentions how she uses very clear and direct questions in her interview,  the interviewee gets straight to the point with the questions asked.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvi9Zsudfn0
Here is an example of Jenni Murray doing the 'women's hour' on radio 4, in this extract she is talking to Laurie Penny about a hashtag issue 'YesAllWomen'. In the interview  Murray starts the interview by asking Penny a very direct question, this allows Penny to explain herself and explain the issue.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQplrNkEKkE
Here is another example of Jenni Murray on 'Women's Hour',  in this extract Jenni Murray is talking to Fatima Parker and Kathryn Szrodecki who are campaigners on how no one needs to be bullied if they are fat, from this issue Murray starts the interview with a direct and pesonal question asking Szrodecki what kind of bullying did she suffer. By asking this question it is giving Murray an idea on why Szrodecki started the campaign.


The Ellen Show
Here is an interview of my choice, the style of this interview is informational/entertainment. The interview is about Sam Smith talking about his personal life about him being gay, this is a very informative interview as Ellen is allowing him to talk about him coming out to inform his viewers and audience about himself. When salting the interview Ellen talks about all his music wards he has won, this gives us an insight on how good pot a musician he is as well as promoting Sam Smith and his music people that might not know about him.Throughout the interview Ellen asks very open questions, this is allowing Sam Smith to talk about himself as an artist.

Section 2 - Journalistic context

Journalistic Context - is the various types of concept that are in the medium such as having a television interview you would explain what the medium is, what the purpose of the interview is and who is invoked in the interview as well key features of the interview. The difference between the journalistic context and the interview style is some aspects overlap each other. This involves all the aspects that are needed in the television interview such as channel, what the style of the interview is etc.

Television Interviews- There are a range of television interviews on TV today. This varies between different styles and forms depending on the interview type as well as channel it is aired on. The style of an interview varies such as having light hearted and entertainment interviews such as 'chatty man' and the 'Graham Norton Show', these interviews are created for entertainment purposes, the questions asked are very light hearted and easy to answer. With this you also have interviews that are Hard news interviews, this is when there is an interview between a politician as they are very informational interviews such as 'BBC newsnight' with Jeremy Paxman as an interviewer.

Radio- Radio  is usually promoting artists and upcoming artists with a single or an album that is coming up, this is so it promotes the artist and allows their fan base to grow. The interview would either be live on air or pre-recorded. Not all radio television is related to music, there are some radio stations which are on a more political and informational level for example LBC is a radio station which provides an hour with Boris Johnson to ask him whatever question you want.

Online- Having an interview online allows it to have a wider audience range as anyone could have access to it, for example the interview can be on more that one site such as YouTube, Vimeo or a blog etc. this allows anyone to have access to it. All styles of interviews are aired online which means there is no limit on what the audience can watch. YouTube is a major platform for all types of interviews to be uploaded on, this is very beneficial as the interview would have wider range of audience as people would have access to it across the world which builds the fan and audience base.

There are so many ways in which interviews present information, for example radio interviews can be very light hearted and funny but also have some radio interviews that can be very serious and emotional as well as political this varies on the radio station. This also relates to other methods of interviewing such as television interviews and online, the difference with this is, TV interviews; it allows you to build a friendship between the interviewer and the interviewee in order to make them feel comfortable and layer back and answering question an example of this is 'Alan Carr' uses a gimmick of an alcohol trolley which is what he pulls out at the beginning of the interview, by offering his guests a drink it builds a friendly bond between the two before the start of the interview.

Assignment 1 - Section 1: Purposes of interviews

There is a range of different ways to conduct an interview, this links with the type of style the interview is. From the style of an interview the purpose is completely different for example an entertainment related interview can be for promotional reasons such as promoting the celebrity, album, film etc. This is completely different to a political interview, the aim of this is to gain information from the interview on a more serious and informational level.

One interview style is an informational interview. The interview between Russell brand and Paxman is a political context. The whole purpose of the interview between Russell Brand and Paxman is to gain information as well as listen to his opinion about him featuring in a political article. Starting with an open question, Paxman is allowing Russell Brand to explain himself about the political magazine. By doing this Paxman is hearing out Russell Brands opinion about politics and his political ideas for change. From the interview between Russell brand and Paxman, you can see how Paxman questions Brand about the article, by Paxman’s tone of voice and posture he is creating a comfortable feel throughout the interview as Brand is not a politician but is talking about politics from his point of view. Paxman approaching the interview in a different way rather than he usually would when interviewing politician’s shows the audience how layer back he is about this interview. The interview helps promote Russell Brand and his article in a political magazine the 'NewStateman' about his views on the government today. From Paxman's view on the points Russell Brand is stating, Paxman believes what he is saying is a 'revolution'. By listening to the podcast of 'the art of the interview' it has allowed me to understand the different techniques in an interview, from this interview Paxman uses the rule of three, asking a direct question to Russell Brand continuously until Brand gets frustrated and answers the question, this is a very good way to make the interviewee feel pressured into answering the question in this style of interviewing. The median that this interview would be on is TV 'BBC Newsnight', from this it would then be distributed to YouTube, BBC website etc. to be viewed again by the public. 

Another interview style is entertainment, an example of an entertainment style show is 'Alan Carr chatty man' which is an interview based show where Alan Carr invites celebrities onto his show and talks to them about their personal and work life but in an entertainment format. In this interview Alan Carr is interviewing Taylor Swift a celebrity/ music artist. In this Alan Carr is interviewing Swift about her personal life as well as her career. This is providing her fans and the audience on the show an insight on Taylor Swift and her life. As Alan Carr is also a comedian, he brings that to his interviews in order to make the interviewee feel very comfortable whilst on the show, by doing this Alan Carr would offer his guests alcohol before he begins with the interview, this creates a friendly bond between the interviewer and the interviewee, in addition to this Carr would also give a gift to some of his guests this then creates a friendship between the two which is what he wants.  The reason why Taylor Swift is also on the Chatty Man show is to promote her as well as any albums or upcoming work she is doing, she is promoting herself to the UK audience in order to gain more publicity in different countries. From the techniques I've learnt from the podcast, Alan Carr has scripted his interview and planned it well as he provides Swift with her favourite cider drink in the UK as well as gives her a painting about cats which he knows it is what she likes, all of this was to. The median of this interview is firstly aired on TV 'Channel 4' in October 2014, after this it then streamed online such as YouTube.

Here is an emotional interview of Paul Walkers brother. Paul Walker was a famous American actor who died on November 30^th 2013 in a car accident. In this interview Paul Walkers brother talks about the greatness of his brother, the interview is about his brother talking about the organisation 'reach out worldwide' which Paul Walker created before his death, this interview is also promoting the organisation which is beneficial. This was a very hard interview for Paul Walkers brother as he has just lost his brother and talking about the great things he has done in life is what he is promoting and wants everyone to know he has helped the organisation. The questions she was asking where very open, this allowed Paul Walkers brother to  talk very openly about his brother and allowed him to say whatever he wanted which was letting the audience know what kind of a person he was behind the cameras.  The interviewer approached the questions in a very calm and supportive way as she knows it is a soft topic she does not want to approach the interview in a rude way. Towards the end of the interview she gives he condolences, this is to show she is supporting him and his family with their loss. The median of this interview was on TV 'Fox News' which then streamed online to YouTube.