Assignment 1b - Disney buys Marvel

ADR dialogue example

For this part of our task, we created a voice over recording audio for a short clip from the movie 'the lovely bones'. In order to create the audio we used ADR which stands for either Automatic Dialogue Replacement or Additional Dialogue Recording. ADR is the process of re-recording or replacing the original dialogue, the reason why ADR is used in most film productions is to create a better quality sound as well as a cleaner finish to the film.

Assignment 1a

1) Independent Companies

An  independent film is when a film production resulting in a feature film that is produced completely outside a major film studio, as well as being produced or distributed by independent entertainment companies, independent films are mostly produced or distributed by subsidiaries of major film studios. People believe that independent films are distinguishable by the level of content and style the way people think the filmmakers come across the artistic side of the film. Occasionally independent films are made with a considerably low filming budget rather than major studio films, an example of this could be  because of the lack of experience the director might have. Independent films are often screened before distribution at local, national or even international film festivals, this method is a useful way to distribute the independent film as you would want to see if the film would get as many views as it can before you decide to retail release the film to different theaters. However this does not occur with major films as the marketing of independent films is characterized by limited release, major films has a major marketing campaign which means the film would have a wider release. Generally independent film companies are production companies that are usually operated without a studio or distribution contract or even a reasonable priced budget.

Independent film companies are different from major film companies as they are made outside the major company for example an independent film would not be working with a major company such as Warner Bros and 20th Century Fox. Independent films are mostly shown to a limited number of theaters rather than majority, the reason for this is the cost would be higher for less known companies to sell there film in a certain theater. 

Another reason why Independent and major companies are different is because people believe that independent films are more creative and quirky rather than major films, this is because major films are mass-marketed which means the films are not created for a specific audience and more of a wider range audience to gain more viewers where as independent films are highly specified to the audience they are appealing to which means not as many viewers can watch the film, in addition the difference in the budget between a independent and a major film is the extras for example different types of high tech equipment that would be used in a major film and not in a independent film also a-list actors that would only be in major films as they can afford them rather than a independent. Without a high budget in the filming industry it would be very hard to create the film in the way, standard or even quality you would imagine it to be. 
There are a range of advantages and disadvantages with independent films, a disadvantage of this would be the point I verified earlier which was independent film companies having a low budget during the process of creating the film, this is a disadvantage as you are very limited with the creation of your film as well as cant include as many techniques and effects in the film as the cost would be to high. Another disadvantage is as a independent film production has a limited release rather than the major film production which is a wider range, not many people would have the opportunity into watching the independent film as they might only be shown in local cinemas and theaters rather than being shown at bigger cinemas nationally. However an Advantage of a independent film is the release and filming dates are much shorter than a major film company, this is beneficial as the audience wouldn't have to wait very long for a film to be released. Another reason why this is beneficial for the company as it is an easy way to create a fan base towards the unknown actors in the film. During my research on independent film companies, I found a famous independent company which is 'PATHE', this company was founded by two  french brothers.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Difference_of_independent_film_from_major_film#slide1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_film


2) Global companies

A global company is a large business organisation that's located in more than one country, a great example of a global company would be Disney. Walt Disney is a worldwide multinational company due to its popularity in animated cartoons and films. The main global company that owns Disney is the Studio Disney, by owning the studio Disney there is more control on different companies around the world. There are a range of small companies inside the studio Disney, this consist of Disney nature, pixar productions and many more. There are many advantages and disadvantages that consist of having a global company, a disadvantage is that if a smaller company of Disney for example would have to take it up on board with Disney's Studios as it is the main company, this is a long process of agreement which can be effective in some circumstances. However a advantage of a global company would be your company known for being popular as the company would be worldwide, you have more chance in giving the smaller companies within your business more publicity and advertisement rather than a independent company which would be harder to achieve.  
http://uk.ask.com/question/what-is-a-global-company


3) Monopolies vs Oligopolies 

The term monopoly is a word that is used in the film industry with the meaning of a organisation or company that dominates a whole market. Oligopolies is the opposite of Monopoly, this term means that a small organisation or market is run and dominated by a few small companies and organisations. There are many advantages and disadvantages to both monopoly and oligopoly, a advantage for monopoly is you  have more control over the market which means everything that is involved within the market for example the money, this will be given to the dominate owners of the market. An advantage of a Oligopoly is that everything is shared out not all on one company however a disadvantage to this could be that one organisation might want to share and create a new idea with the organisation which then means they have to go through the companies and get approval in order to pursue the idea. 
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Monopoly_vs_Oligopoly  


4)Vertical Integration vs  horizontal integration

Vertical integration is the process by which a film/media company owns companies at each stage of the production, distribution also exhibition cycle. In addition, vertical integration  is also the process of the distribution or production of  a product that can be controlled by an individual company to increase the companies power in the market, this will help them maximise their earnings from the production an example of this is The Warner Brothers as they have an ownership of Warner bros, warner pictures. in addition they also have an international chain of cinemas worldwide his gives them the opputunity for everyone to see the films they produce, this is how vertical integration allows the process of production to marketing. Horizontal integration is when a company owns other companies within one stage of the production, distribution, exhibition cycle. an example of this is a company owns a number of production companies this is also a way of the company gaining more profit from other smaller companies. When researching horizontal integration I looked into films that were very much in the public eye currently and strongly advertised. I then went and studied the company credits and found although 20th century had used a range of different production companies they didn't have ownership of. Although for the the distribution process they had mostly only used their own distribution company making them a horizontal integration. 
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2364841/companycredits?ref_=tt_dt_co

Here is an example of a film that was produced by 20th Century Fox.

Three-point lighting

MVI 1260 from Meltem Ustun on Vimeo.

In this short film, my group and I created a clip describing three point lighting on what it is used for and how it works. I found this clip useful as it makes it clear what three point lighting is and how it is used when you want the perfect lighting according to you and the film your going to create.
In the clip we talk about each of the lights that are used and why they are needed, the three lights used is a key light which is the main light out of all, this illuminates the object or person also creates a more stronger overall lighting, a fill light which is the light that can be adjusted according to the way you want it to as well as it is used as a reflection light from the key light if you use a white board or paper which creates the reflection as the light bounces from the paper to the object or in this case her face and the last light that is used is a back light which is not shown in the video as we did not have a third light. The point of the third light is to make the person or object stand out more in the film by creating a rim of light behind the object or person, this stops the object or person also being a subject of the background in addition it creates a shadow to make it look slightly 3D. I also included a picture to give a clear view on how each light is usually set up, in addition the picture has the third light which makes it clear where the third light belongs.

The benefit of using the three-point lighting is to use different position to create a more illuminating image also you have more control on different shadows and shadings you want to create for the image.

Depth of field experiment

MVI 1103 from Meltem Ustun on Vimeo.

Here is a short clip of my group and I experimenting with the different features with depth of field. In the clip we took we where trying out different features in order to get a  clear image of when we are filming. Some of the features we used consisted of the aperture, f stop, depth of field and the focus pull of the aperture. By using the aperture on the camera we changed the f stop to measure the aperture to make the f stop smaller to make the depth of the field smaller and reduce the amount of light that goes into the camera, however if a bigger f stop is used the amount of light increases and makes it brighter. I also used a focus pull to alter the focal length from the background being sharp and clear then focusing on the girl which makes her more sharp and clear.