Development of editing

Editing Techniques 

Analogue Editing 

Analogue editing is a type of editing that was done before the existence of computers, analogue editing would have been done by hand which meant cutting and pasting different piece of films together which was then put through a machine such as an moviola. 

This is what an moviola looks like.  A moviola was invented by a man called Iwan Serrurier in 1924, this is the first machine for motion picture editing. 

Digital Editing 

Digital editing is a technique which allows you to cut and paste each shot, have access to any sort of frame, include different transitions such as fades. All these types of techniques cannot be created with linear editing this is the reason why digital editing is used to edit movies now days.

In digital editing there are 2 types of editing options to choose from, the first type of editing type is assemble edit which allows you edit the movie after its shot, it also gives you access to edit the movie from the beginning till the end, if there are changes made you would have to duplicate the original movie and start recreating the editing on that. The second type of editing is non-linear editing is done manually rather than assemble edit.  

Here is an idea of what digital editing looks like and how it is created, this is a more improved way of editing rather than analogue editing.

In-Camera Editing

In-camera editing is a type of technique that is used whilst  the film making production, it is shot within the sequence s. this reduces any form of editing as it already complete as the film is developed and ready.  This is completed by strict planning of what shots are needed and fit well together to make the film clear and understanding for the viewers as well as enjoyable for them to watch.

An advantage of  this techniques is it reduces the costs of the production which meant film makers where satisfied to use this technique as it can maximize film usage,  another advantage  of in-camera editing is it requires no editing equipment which meant it was easier to shoot a film as well as saves money for the cinematographers, in addition in-camera editing removes the need of post production editing  if the shots where taken accurately there would be no need for more editing.

However the disadvantages of the technique  is the process of planning has to be very precise and effective as you cant go back to correct the mistakes you create throughout the process. Another disadvantage is you can’t take a shot more than once and cut out the ones you don’t like, reason being is there will be no room for editing the mistakes out. Heres an example of in-camera editing. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=698Rflm9zCU

Following The Action

Following the action is a technique where you follow the characters or subject throughout the movie. This is done by several cameras on set whilst filming would capture different angles of the characters and see what ones fit well together, you would also have a camera that follows the character throughout filming whilst other camera shots are taken from different angles. This technique provides more depth for the viewer, rather than watching the characters from shot to shot, you can follow the characters throughout which will make it flow better. 

Multiple points of views

Multiple points of view is a technique which allows different views of the characters on screen, there are different types to use such as point of views shots (POV) and over the shoulder shots (OSS).

The advantages and disadvantages of the multiple points of view is the point of view gives you more of a complete view of the events happening in the sequence, where as the disadvantage of the (POV) is the readers are confined to one perspective throughout the story. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfM2NfL0Wng

Here is a short clip from the movie 'Sherlock Holmes'. throughout the sequence there is different point of views from the characters. 

Shot Variation

Shot variation is a technique used whilst filming the sequences this is done by the movement of images, the types of shots used include wide shot, long shot, medium shot, close up etc. most of these types of shots are used in a film to create different effects on the viewers.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=WhxbYTMNMxo

Here is a short clip of different types of shot variations used in a movie. This shot is from the movie ‘the matrix’ which is the scene called the ‘bullet time’, in this shot there are different type of shot variations used to create an effect on the viewer. 

Manipulation of diegetic time and sound

Manipulation of diegetic time and space is when is when an edit is created in order to make the environment or object change over a period of time for example it can show a person at a young age and get older within the movie. This allows the audience to visible see the time change throughout the movie and have a clear understanding on what is going on throughout the film.