Continuity Techniques
Match On Action
Match on action is a filming technique that is used to preserve the continuity of the sequence, the way this is done is by connecting two shots together, one shot with a similar end as the second shot which means it would make the sequence of the shots more smooth as well as flow better, this technique is used in most movies to move from one shot to another.
Here is a short clip of the movie 'Bringing up the baby', in this short sequence the math on action is shown within 0.23/0.24 seconds of lady and the man with the glasses also the man sitting down.The first shot is a MS of all 3 of the characters there is then a match on action when the lady is going to light her cigarette in the MS and into a CU of the lady actually lighting the cigarette.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laUPi7MPOSQ
Here is another example of the technique, in this example the girl picks up a book and starts to read it, to keep the consistency of each shot they use the technique very well as it all flows well together.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laUPi7MPOSQ
Here is another example of the technique, in this example the girl picks up a book and starts to read it, to keep the consistency of each shot they use the technique very well as it all flows well together.
180 Degree Rule
The 180 degree rule is a technique
where the relationship between a character and another character or an object
is shown in a certain way. By doing this, cinematographers would create an
imaginary line called the axis which connects the characters by keeping the
camera on one side of the axis for all the shots, whilst taking the shots on
one side you cant cross over the axis whist filming unless the camera passes
over the axis which is called jumping the line.
Here is a short clip from the movie 'Leon: The professional', In this short sequence it shows how the clip is shot using the 180 degree rule, by using this rule it helps the shots flow well as there is continuity throughout the sequence.
This is what a film would look like if they did not use the 180 degree rule.
This is a short clip from the movie 'The Getaway', in this short clip you can see where and how the camera man is crossing the axis, by doing this has an effect on the movie, the consistency of the movie does not flow very well and there is no continuity between each shot which makes it harder to understand the emotion the sequence is trying to give.
Eye-Line Match
Eye-line match is associated with
continuity editing system based on what the audience will want to see what the
character is seeing, occurs when the eye line match begins with a character
looking a different way.
Here is a clear example of a eye-line match, the actress in the sequence is looking into the distance which then links to the next shot as you know what she is looking at which is a painting. It then cuts into another shot of her looking at the picture but a CU of her eyes then the last shot which cuts into a CU of the painting. This makes it clear on what the actress is looking at.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kHJ3pJIEZw
Here is another clear example of eye-line matching, in this example the there is a woman looking through a whole to see the other side, her eye-line match is her looking through the whole and seeing what is on the other side which is a man walking out of a house.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kHJ3pJIEZw
Here is another clear example of eye-line matching, in this example the there is a woman looking through a whole to see the other side, her eye-line match is her looking through the whole and seeing what is on the other side which is a man walking out of a house.
Shot Reverse Shot
Shot reverse shot is a technique
when one character is shown to be looking at another character, then the other
character is shown to be looking back at the first character.
Here is a clear example of shot reverse shot, a conversation between the two characters which would switch shots from each of the characters POV or the shots would be a over the shoulder shot.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvof8mI6pXk
Here is another example of the use of this technique within a film, in the short clip shot reverse shot is shown between the two characters talking. In this clip it shows clearly how the technique flows within the shots.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvof8mI6pXk
Here is another example of the use of this technique within a film, in the short clip shot reverse shot is shown between the two characters talking. In this clip it shows clearly how the technique flows within the shots.
Establishing Shot
Establishing shot is when the first
shot of the scene is designed to show the audience where the action is taking
place this is usually used in LS and in extreme LS.
This is a example of what establishing shots look like, they give the viewers a clear shot of what the setting is like or where it is set before the movie begins.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmF-PBPLlcA
Here is another example of the technique used in a movie, in this example the establishing shot of the road and the building is shown, it then switches to another shot which is an apartment within the building shown. This is a clear example of how an establishing shot should consist of.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmF-PBPLlcA
Here is another example of the technique used in a movie, in this example the establishing shot of the road and the building is shown, it then switches to another shot which is an apartment within the building shown. This is a clear example of how an establishing shot should consist of.
Montage Editing
Montage editing is a series of
shots edited together into a sequence from various sources to create a set of
interconnected ideas. Montage editing is also known as a pictorial composition
made by juxtaposing.
Here is a clip of the montage Kuleshov created, in this video Kuleshov is trying to convey his emotions with the different images shown. As Kuleshov has the same facial expression with the different images that are shown adds more effect for the viewers.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2bk_9T482g
Here is a great example of montage editing, in this example is a montage that was created for the beginning of the movie 'up'. This example shows clearly what a montage is and how it should be.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2bk_9T482g
Here is a great example of montage editing, in this example is a montage that was created for the beginning of the movie 'up'. This example shows clearly what a montage is and how it should be.
Parallel Editing
Parallel editing is when two or more alternating scenes are at the same instant but in different locations within the film. This usually occurs when when the scenes are similar within each other, they meet at a climax within the film and confront each other, this is also known as cross cutting as you would switch from one scene to another quite rapidly.
Cross cutting was first used by Edwin S. Porter in his movie 'The Great Train Robbery' in1903. In the movie Porter used cross cutting to show what took place within each scene that are both in two different places.
http://archive.org/details/TheGreatTrainRobbery_555
Here is the movie of 'The Great Train Robbery', throughout the movie you can see how Porter used the technique. In the movie Porter has 14 scenes all together, within each scene there the characters are located in different locations for example the first scene is in a room and the second shot is near the railway and a power station.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbFZnGT72z0
Here is another example of cross cutting in a more modern movie 'The Silence Of the Lambs' which was shot in 1991. People would suggest this is the famous occurrences of cross cutting in american cinema.
Graphic Match
Graphic match is a technique where you make cuts between the shots, you have to create a center of focus for viewers so when you want the next shot the focus would be in a similar place, this will help create a smooth transition between the shots, in order to create a tense feeling within the shots all you have to do is whilst editing the shots together, you make sure the shots don't match graphically.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7bvT1w77Yg
Here is a clear example of graphic match from a film, in the example it shows a man riding a horse, within 0.3 seconds of the clip you see the graphic match where 2 different shots where placed together. As this clip is from a film called 'Come On Rangers' which was taken in 1938, the quality of the graphic match is not as good however it is still very clear.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaGd6PQg3ig
Here is another good example of graphic matching, however with this clip consists of the graphic match between 2 different shots for example the first shot is a red traffic light which is then graphically matched with the sun. I found this video very interesting as the flow between each shot fit very well together.
30 Degree Rule
30 degree rule is a basic rule which is used as a editing guideline for when the camera is being used to take a shot, the camera should only money at least 30 degrees between the shots of the same subject. If there is a fault whits shooting the shots such as a jump cut this could risk the focus of the viewers as they would start to focus on the editing techniques of the film rather than focusing on the actual film.
Parallel editing is when two or more alternating scenes are at the same instant but in different locations within the film. This usually occurs when when the scenes are similar within each other, they meet at a climax within the film and confront each other, this is also known as cross cutting as you would switch from one scene to another quite rapidly.
Cross cutting was first used by Edwin S. Porter in his movie 'The Great Train Robbery' in1903. In the movie Porter used cross cutting to show what took place within each scene that are both in two different places.
http://archive.org/details/TheGreatTrainRobbery_555
Here is the movie of 'The Great Train Robbery', throughout the movie you can see how Porter used the technique. In the movie Porter has 14 scenes all together, within each scene there the characters are located in different locations for example the first scene is in a room and the second shot is near the railway and a power station.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbFZnGT72z0
Here is another example of cross cutting in a more modern movie 'The Silence Of the Lambs' which was shot in 1991. People would suggest this is the famous occurrences of cross cutting in american cinema.
Graphic Match
Graphic match is a technique where you make cuts between the shots, you have to create a center of focus for viewers so when you want the next shot the focus would be in a similar place, this will help create a smooth transition between the shots, in order to create a tense feeling within the shots all you have to do is whilst editing the shots together, you make sure the shots don't match graphically.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7bvT1w77Yg
Here is a clear example of graphic match from a film, in the example it shows a man riding a horse, within 0.3 seconds of the clip you see the graphic match where 2 different shots where placed together. As this clip is from a film called 'Come On Rangers' which was taken in 1938, the quality of the graphic match is not as good however it is still very clear.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaGd6PQg3ig
Here is another good example of graphic matching, however with this clip consists of the graphic match between 2 different shots for example the first shot is a red traffic light which is then graphically matched with the sun. I found this video very interesting as the flow between each shot fit very well together.
30 Degree Rule
30 degree rule is a basic rule which is used as a editing guideline for when the camera is being used to take a shot, the camera should only money at least 30 degrees between the shots of the same subject. If there is a fault whits shooting the shots such as a jump cut this could risk the focus of the viewers as they would start to focus on the editing techniques of the film rather than focusing on the actual film.
Here is a clip of how the 30 degree rule works, in this example it shows a man which describes how the 30 degree rule works and what it is, whilst the man is informing us about the rule there is a young boy which is acting out what the 30 degree rule looks like.
Here is another example of how the 30 degree rule, in this example the two young men are having a conversation using shot reverse shot as well as the 30 degree rule, this also helps the flow with the shots as it makes it clear and fit well together.
Continuity Editing
Continuity editing is a technique which allows you to create a smooth and consistent effect between two different shots, for example in one frame of the movie, a man should wear a red shirt and in the next shot the man should be wearing the same red shirt rather than a black shirt, this shows the consistency between the shots rather than being two different shots by wearing different shirts in each shot.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fANYMHLuZQ
Here is a clear example of how continuity editing is used between different shots, in this example it shows the man taking his phone out of his pocket and using it, between all the shots in the short clip, the consistency of each of the shots fit well together as they are very smooth and in a sequential manner.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JWDMY8jEUY
Here is another example of the technique being used in a short sequence, in this example the boy has overslept from a crazy night which he then ends up being late for a meet up or a train which is shown at the end, but the technique is shown between all the shots in the sequence as he is running towards the station, the consistency is very clear and smooth.
Continuity editing is a technique which allows you to create a smooth and consistent effect between two different shots, for example in one frame of the movie, a man should wear a red shirt and in the next shot the man should be wearing the same red shirt rather than a black shirt, this shows the consistency between the shots rather than being two different shots by wearing different shirts in each shot.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fANYMHLuZQ
Here is a clear example of how continuity editing is used between different shots, in this example it shows the man taking his phone out of his pocket and using it, between all the shots in the short clip, the consistency of each of the shots fit well together as they are very smooth and in a sequential manner.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JWDMY8jEUY
Here is another example of the technique being used in a short sequence, in this example the boy has overslept from a crazy night which he then ends up being late for a meet up or a train which is shown at the end, but the technique is shown between all the shots in the sequence as he is running towards the station, the consistency is very clear and smooth.
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